“Khakass Ethnography”

The Yenisey Siberia comprehensive investment project is being implemented in the Krasnoyarsk Region, the Republic of Khakassia and the Tyva Republic. It is aimed at the socio-economic development of the regions.

Leading companies of the Russian and world markets are involved in the project. Today the projects in transport and social infrastructure development, extraction and processing of useful resources, forestry and agricultural industries as well as energy are being implemented.

Implementation of the Yenisey Siberia CIP projects will ensure the accelerated development via creating new jobs, increasing tax payments, attracting small business and science.

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The territory of the Yenisey Siberia has enormous reserves of natural resources.

More than 50% of the region’s territory is occupied by forests, which make up one seventh of the forest fund of the Russian Federation and about 16% of the all-Russian timber reserves.

There are more than 1600 mineral deposits on the territory of the Yenisey Siberia such as oil, gas, iron ores, hard and brown coal, peat, ferrous, non-ferrous, rare and noble metals, non-metallic minerals, reserves of platinum and platinoids, copper-nickel ores

The Yenisey Siberia is the richest region in Russia in terms of water resources. A number of hydroelectric power plants and coal-bearing basins provides a high level of power supply within the territory.

The Yenisey Siberia is Russia’s absolute leader in the production of non-ferrous metals.

Industrial complex makes the basis of the economy of the Yenisey Siberia regions. For example, the Krasnoyarsk Region is the absolute leader in Russia in the production of non-ferrous metals. Oil production and coal enterprises are successfully functioning here as well.

In the Republic of Khakassia, the industry is based on hydropower and aluminum production. In addition, the agro-industrial complex is developed in Khakassia, where animal breeding forms the main industry.

Enterprises of the mining industry, forestry and wood processing industries operate in the Tyva Republic.

In addition, all types of land transport routes connecting the Asian and European parts of Russia run through the territory of the Yenisey Siberia.

Regions of the Yenisey Siberia are multinational ones. Russians prevail in two regions – Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Khakassia. Tuvans prevail on the territory of the Tyva Republic followed by Russians.

Regions of the Yenisey Siberia are inhabited also by Ukrainians, Tatars, Azerbaijanis, Armenians and representatives of many other nationalities.

In addition, representatives of 8 northern peoples live on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Region: Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets, Kets, Selkups, Chulyms, Evenks, Enets. Shors, who are the representatives of the small-numbered peoples, live on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia. The Todzhan Tuvans who live in the Todzhinsky District in the Tyva Republic are also among the small peoples of Siberia.

There are 10 nature reserves on the territory of the Yenisey Siberia: Azas Nature Reserve, The Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, Khakass Republican National Museum Reserve Kazanovka, Sayano-Shushenski Nature Reserve, Putoransky State Nature Reserve, Taymyr Nature Reserve, Tunguska Nature Reserve, Uvs Nuur Basin, Central Siberia Nature Reserve, Khakasski Nature Reserve.

The Krasnoyarsk Region also houses the Shushensky Bor National Park, the Stolby Nature Reserve and the Ergaki Nature Park.

Historical ties between the Krasnoyarsk Region, the Republic of Khakassia and the Tyva Republic have been formed for long. Development of the land along the banks of the Yenisey river started several thousand years ago.

In ancient times, the land was inhabited by nomads and many settlements were sited along the Yenisey river. Later the process of joining Siberia to the Russian Empire started. There were different administrative zones within the territory for two centuries. Later, at the beginning of the 19th century, the Yenisey province was formed. The shape of the territory resembled the modern Krasnoyarsk Region. Partially it included the lands of the Republic of Khakassia and the Tyva Republic.

The existing borders were violated, the territories were first united, then fragmented, thus forming new administrative units again at the beginning of the 20th century. However, cultural and social ties of the regions along the Yenisey river were preserved, despite the different territorial allegiance.